To the modern, Mesopotamia, or "Land between two rivers" (the Tigris and Euphrates), was a very important centre from the very beginning for man's many great civilizations. It lies in today's Iraq, extending slightly into Syria and Kuwait. It served a very vibrant role as a crucible where great inventions took birth like writing, agriculture, the first canonical legal code, and such.
History of Mesopotamia
Excellent fertile land between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates made Mesopotamia an ideal location for settlements. The early inhabitants of this region were called:
1. Sumerians: They invented writing (cuneiform), formed organized communities, and erect monumental structures such as the Ziggurat.
2. Babylonians: Created the Code of Hammurabi, which is considered the first known legal code.
3. Assyrians: They became mighty by their military strength that spread out so much across large parts of their empire.
Contribution to Invention and Culture
• Agriculture: The Mesopotamians developed the irrigation systems that enabled them to grow crops effectively in the fertile lands.
• Science: They were the pioneers of mathematics, developing a concept of a 12-month calendar and making great strides in astronomy.
• Law: The Code of Hammurabi is one of the earliest known written laws, which established rules for justice.
Famous Ancient Sites
1. Babylon: Known for the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
2. Ziggurat of Ur: A large step temple used for religious purposes, an iconic symbol of early civilizations.
3. Nineveh: A major city in northern Mesopotamia, known as the capital of the Assyrian Empire.
For the conclusion
Mesopotamia has seen many of the key developments which characterize human history: the invention of writing and the formation of the most early legal systems, with innovations of the Mesopotamian peoples proving to be an enduring influence unto today.
Questions
1. Why is Mesopotamia considered so important in the history of humanity?
2. What is the most significant invention or contribution of Mesopotamia?
3. How was Mesopotamia different from other civilizations at the time?
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